Manufacture of glass articles.



G. B. LAWTON. MANUFACTURE OF GLASS ARTICLES.

APPLICATION FILED JANA, 1909.

Patented Dec. 7, 1909.

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' MM4K W C. B. LAWTON. mnumcwnz or GLASS ARTICLES.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 9, 1909. 942,651 Patented Dec. 7, 1909.

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WITNESSES:

Z mvzm'on G. B. LAWTON.

MANUFACTURE or cuss ARTIGLES.

APPQIOATIOH FILED JMLQ, 1909.

942,651. Patented Dec. 7, 1909.

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. 4 3 a 5 i 1 //7/////////%/7//) V F\\ W 5 6 p 19 IlllH/z 30 Y wnmssszs: 30 mvem'on 2813M, {fly/ aw 17 5/ a CHARLES B. LAWTON, OF PENN 'IOVVNSIIIP, ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

MANUFACTURE OF GLASS ARTICLES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 7, 1909.

Application filed Jan ary 9, 1909. Serial No. 471,455.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ()nAnLEs B. LA'WTON, residing at Penn township, in the county of Allegheny and State of llennsylvania, a citizen of the United States, have invented or discovered certain new and .useful Improvements in Manufacture of Glass Articles, of which improvements the following is a specification. p

The invention described herein relates to certain improvements in the manufacture of glass bricks, and has for its object a construction of shaping apparatus whereby the portions of the glass which will form the outer faces of the brick will come into contact with the forming walls at the same time thereby avoiding the formation'of chill spots.

It is a, further object of the invention to prevent the formation of pressure cracks or marks.

The invention also has for its object the provision of a support for the brick during cooling and the removal of the thin fin or blow over formed insth'e pressing operation.

The invention is hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification Figure 1 is a side elevation of a mold embodying my ipnprovement and a plunger and presser plate; Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1; Fig.3 is a side elevation at right angles to the elevation shown in Eig. 1; Fig. 4 is a sectional plan view on a plane indicated by the line IVIV Fig. 3; big. 5 is a sectional plan view on a plane indicated b the line VV Fig. 3 'Fig. 6 is a sectional el hvation on a plane indicated by the line VI-VL. Fig. 5, and Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation showing the manner of supporting the brick during cooling and t e removal of the fin. 7

In the practice of my invention, the mold 1 is made in sections hinged to ether at the corners, one of the pintles as 2 being removable to permit of the opening of the mold in a manner well known in the art. The sides and upper wall of the matrix 3 are formed' by recessing the inner walls of. mold, a third side being formed by skirt or annular curtain 4, and the fourth side or bottom being formed inpart at least by the supporting ring or stool 5. When it is desired to form bricks with recessed ends, the end walls of themold are formed with inwardly projecting portions as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The ring or stool 5 is arranged in a groove in the boss or'projection on the bottom plate 6, and the mold sections are closed around such boss as shown in Figs. 2 and G. The annular curtain or skirt 4 is made of such a length that, at the beginning of the operation, its lower edge will rest on the ring or stool 5, or at such a short distance therefrom that glass will not flow to any material ex tent into the matrix. The upper end of the skirt or curtain which extends above the mold is provided with a flange 7 or other lateral extension with which dogs 8 pivotally mounted on the mold will engage. These do s 8 are so arranged that they ill be shifted to slightly raise the skirt by the presser plate 9 at about the time the lass is caused to flow under the pressure 0 the plunger 10, which ,as shown in Fig. 2 moves down through the curtain ior skirt. It is preferred that the dogs should be shifted by the pressei' plate through the medium of a flange 11 so secured to the presser plate as 'to contact with a stop 12 on the mold, and thereby arrest the downward movement of the presser plate, while the plan er continues its movement through said p ate.

In making bricks, the glass is placed within the skirt or curtain which at'that time rests on or is closely adjacent to the ring or stool and consequently sullicient glass will not flow into the matrix to contact with the outer wall thereof. The plunger then mo es down into the skirt or curtain, and as lft egins to bear on the glass, the presser plate will shift the dogs 8 thereby raising the skirt or curtain to afford a sufiicient opening for the How of the glass under the pressure of the plunger, into the matrix. As chill marks are due to some portions of glass coming into contact with and being chilled by the mold in advance of the remaining portions, and in advance of the shaping movement or flow of the glass, it is evident .that by preventing any portions of the glass reaching the outer wall of the matrix materially in advance of other portions, the formation of the chill marks will be re vented. Another difficulty encounteru in the manufacture of bricks is the formation of pressure cracks due to excessive pressure which may be the result of luck of Skill 0 the ressman or the placing of too much glass in the mold. Both of these difficulties can be obviated by placing in the mold ,to fill the desired portions.

:1 smaller quantity of glass than is required to entirely till the matrix. As the back and end walls oil the brick are not exposed when built into a wall, provision is made for local izing the delicit of glass in the back or one or both ends This localization is ctl'cctcd by forming; a swell 12 on the lower edge of t the curtain as shown 111 Figs. 2 and G. This 1 swell is so proportioned that when the skirt or curtain is down the gap between the curtain and ring will be too small lfor a tlow of glass into the matrix, and Wlientlic curl lain is raised, the gap or opening, except where contracted by the swell 13 on the cur tain, will permit afree How of glass under pressure. By reason oi the retardation pro duced by the swell 1,3, the portions of the matrix out of line with the swell or enlargement will be filled before there is any material flow into the portion of the matrix inline with the swell. Hence if there is not suflicicnt glass to till the matrix, the uncompleted portion of the brick will be adjacent to the swell or enlargement 125. Byproperly proportioning the gap or openinq, both where a free t loyv is desired and at the contracted portion, thereavill not be sutlicicnt pressure on the glassto ca a How through the contracted portion ,until other )ortions of the mold have been completely fi ed,-and

asthe quantity placed in the mold-is smaller than that necessary to completely fill the matrix, the glass cannotat any time be sub- ;ected to a pressure greater than necessary It hasbeen found that the contractiono f the glass aroundthe skirt or curtain due to solidification is liable to produce cracks similar to'pressurepi acks Inorder to avoid the formation of such contraction cracks, provision 'should be made to permit a free 't ion. A desirable manner'ofaccomplishing this-function consists in slightly taper ing the skirt or curtain ex'teriorly from-the plane coincident with the upper Wall of the matrix,iand slightly raising the skirt after'thc completion of the articleand before complete solidification and contraction 'on the pressed plate, and equalizingbars 17 are pivotally mounted on the arms 16 in such manner.as to en a e the ends of the dogs 8. TheLl'e'ver is'ie ld up -b' a spring 18. After theiglass has'zbeen orced, into the matrix and before solidification has occurred, the lever 15 is operated to slightly raise the skirt so that contraction can occur without injury to the glass. After solidification the skirt is removed and the mold opened, thus leaving the brick sup ported by the ring or stool. The latter is Llllll lilo-ll from the bottom plate of the mold, it being provided with handles it), and placed on a stiplfiorting frame 20. The film a is then broken out. lt'will be observed that the stool supports the brick to the lines 7 along uliich the film is count-acted to the fii'ich so that there will not be any liability oli injury to the brick and the film an be cleanly removed I t will he observed that the annular eurtain or Wall when lowered forms a basin or receptacle For the glass from which the glass is forced by the plunger, the curtain being raised to permit the flow of glass at or about the time the plunger begins to exert pressure on the glass.

I claim herein as my invention:

'1. In an apparatus for shaping glass, the combination of a mold, skirt or movable wall forming a portion of the matrix-of the mold, a plunger for forcing the glass into the matrix and means operative by the plan-- gel" operating means for shifting the skirt.

In an apparatus for sluip-ing'glass, the combination of a. mold having a matrix," a basin or receptacle for glass, a movable wall controlling. the liow of glass from the basin into the matrix, a plunger for forcing the glass into the matrix and means operative by the plunger for shifting said well.

. 3. In anapparatusi'or shaping glass, the r combination of a mold, having an' annular matrix, an annular skirt or shell forming the innerwallof the matri'xand controlling the flow of glass into thematrix, a plunger for 'ill ion

l forc-ingthe glass into the matrix, and means contraction of the glass, but without-law. mg the-glass unsupported during solid1fica-' operative byt he plunger for shifting the 4. In an apparatus-for shaping glass, the combination of a mold and an annular re- 1 1o movable stool forming a portion of the 1natrix and adapted to support the article Whenremoved from the shaping apparatus.

5. In an apparatus for shaping glass, the

l combination of a mold having an annular matrix, anda ring or-stool removably arranged in the bottom of the mold. and form; ing a portion of the matrix and adapted to support the article adjacci'it to the tin or l bl W-overwlien removed from the mold, and

while removing the fin or blow-over.

6. In an apparatus for shaping glass, the combination' of a mold having an annular matrix a skirt or shell formingthe'inner wall'o the matrix and controlling the flow of glass into the matrix and provided with r and means 7. In an apparatus for shaping glass, the combination of a mold having an annular matrix, a movable wall forming a portion of the matrix, a plunger for forcing glass into the matrix and means for shifting said Wall to permit contraction ofthe completed article.

8. In an apparatus for shaping glass, the combination of a mold having an annular matrix, a skirt or shell forming the jnner wall of the matrix and controlling the flow of glass into the matrix, a plunger for forcing glass into the matrix, means for shifting said skirt to permit the inflow of glass,

for imparting a further movement to the skirt to permit of contraction of the completed article.

9. As an improvement in the art of forming annular articles. the method herein decontraction While maintaining an internal support for the glass.

10. As an im rovement in the art of mak' ing glass artic es, the method herein described which consists in forcing into the matrix a quantity of glass less than that re;

uired to fill the same, and retarding the t ow of glass to a portion of the matrix.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

CHARLES B. LAWTON.

\Yitnesses Amen A. TRILL, CHARLES Batman. 

